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The name of the Philippines (Filipino/Tagalog: ''Pilipinas'' (:pɪlɪˈpinɐs), Spanish: ''Filipinas'') is a truncated form of The Philippine Islands, derived from the King Philip II of Spain in the 16th century. During the expedition of Ruy López de Villalobos to the Islands, Spanish sailor Bernardo de la Torre used the name ''Las Islas Filipinas'' in honour of the then-Prince of Asturias, originally referring to the islands of Leyte and Samar.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Online Etymology Dictionary )〕 Despite the presence of other names, the name ''Filipinas'' (''Philippines'') was eventually adopted as the name of the entire archipelago. The official name of the Philippines, however, has changed throughout the course of its history. During the Philippine Revolution, the state officially called itself ''República Filipina'', now referred to as the First Philippine Republic. From the period of the Spanish–American War and the Philippine–American War until the Commonwealth, United States colonial authorities referred to the Philippines as the ''Philippine Islands'', a direct translation of the original Spanish. It was during the American Period that the name "Philippines" began to appear, a name that was officially adopted. == Historical names == * Ma-i. According to the Zhao Rugua's (趙汝适) book ''Zhu fan zhi'' written around 1225 AD during the Song Dynasty, there was a group of islands found in southern South China Sea called ''Ma-i'' (麻逸, Pinyin: Máyì). The islands groups were later invaded and renamed and identified by the Spanish to be the island of Mindoro. This was further proved by Ferdinand Blumentritt in his 1882 book, ''Versuch einer Ethnographie der Philippinen'' (An Attempt to the Study of Ethnography of the Philippines) that Ma-i, which means "country of the Blacks" was the Chinese local name of present-day Mindoro.〔, Footnote 1〕 On the other hand, historians claimed that Ma-i was not an island, but all the south of South Sea islands groups and Manila itself,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=National identity )〕 which was known to be the Chinese settlements and in constant contact with the China Government as early as the 9th century CE and earlier. : * Ma-i consists of the ''Sānzhōu'' (三洲, "Three islands") group of islands: ''Kia-ma-yen'' (卡拉棉, Calamian), ''Bālāwàng'' (巴拉望, Palawan) and ''Pa-ki-nung'' (布桑加, Busuanga).〔, Footnote 1〕 :: * Aside from Sānzhōu, Ma-i also consists of the islands of ''Pai-p'u-yen'' (巴布延, Babuyan), ''P'u-li-lu'' (波利略, Polillo), ''Lim-kia-tung'' (林加延, Lingayen), ''Liu-sung'' (呂宋, Luzon) and ''Li-ban'' (盧邦, Lubang).〔, Footnote 3〕 It was said that these islands had contacts with Chinese traders from Canton (Guangdong) as early as 982 AD.〔〔 : * ''Lei'' was the name given by the Chinese to the present-day island of Luzon, originated from the Tagalog word ''lusong'', a wooden mortar that is used to pound rice. When the Spanish produced maps of the Philippines during early 17th century, they called the island ''Luçonia'' which was later respelled as ''Luzonia'', then Luzon. * Las islas de San Lázaro (St. Lazarus' Islands). Named by Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 when he reached the islands of Homonhon in the island of Samar (now present-day Eastern Samar) on the feast day of Saint Lazarus of Bethany.〔 * Las islas de Poniente (Islands to the West). Another name from Ferdinand Magellan in 1521 when he learned that the ''Las islas de San Lázaro'' also included Cebu and Leyte islands.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Navegación: Exploraciones: Filipinas )〕 However, various sources claimed that Magellan was not the one who renamed the area, but his chroniclers instead. The name came from the fact that the islands were reached from Spain en route approaching the left part of the globe.〔 Conversely, the Portuguese called the archipelago Ilhas do oriente (Islands to the East) because they approached the islands from the east of Portugal in late 1540s.〔 : * The Portuguese referred the whole island of Luzon as ilhas Luções, or ''Luzones Islands''.〔 : * Mindanao was formerly called ilhas de Liquíos Celebes because of the existence of Celebes Sea south of Mindanao.〔 * Las islas Filipinas (Philippine Islands/Islands belonging to Philip). Named by Ruy López de Villalobos in 1543 to Samar and Leyte, honoring the Prince of Asturias, the then Philip II of Spain.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History of the Philippines )〕 : * Caesarea Caroli was the name given by Villalobos to the island of Mindanao when he reached the sea near it. This was named after the Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire (and I of Spain). : * The southern island of Sarangani was renamed by Villalobos as ''Antonia'', in honor of Antonio de Mendoza y Pacheco, the Viceroy of New Spain who commissioned Villalobos expedition to the Philippines.〔 : * Villalobos also named the littoral zone between the islands of Samar and Leyte as Tendaya.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Northern Illinois University )〕 * Las islas Filipinas, or simply Filipinas (Philippines). Vernacular corruption of ''Las islas Felipenas''; irrevocably became the archipelago's name.〔 * Pearl of the Orient/Pearl of the Orient Seas ((スペイン語:Perla de oriente)/''Perla del mar de oriente'') is the sobriquet of the Philippines. The term originated from the idea of Spanish Jesuit missionary Fr. Juan J. Delgado in 1751. In his last poem ''Mi último adiós'', Dr. José Rizal referred the country with this name.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.fabulousphilippines.com/mi-ultimo-adios-jose-rizal.html )〕 In the 1960 revision of ''Lupang Hinirang'', the Philippine national anthem, the Tagalog version of this phrase was included as the translation from the original Spanish.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines )〕 * The Philippine Islands. This was the anglicised form of the original Spanish name, used under direct American rule and the succeeding Commonwealth Era.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Origin of the Name "Philippines" )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Name of the Philippines」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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